Podcast: Is AI driving a new wave of photonic innovation?

AI is still in its infancy, but it’s already pushing the photonics and computing industries to rethink product roadmaps and drive new levels of innovation.

Adtran's Gareth Spence talks with authors and analysts Daryl Inniss and the editor of Gazettabyte about the fast pace of AI development and the changes needed to unlock its full potential. They also discuss the upcoming sequel to their book on silicon photonics and its focus on AI. 

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ECOC 2024: AI and Optics

Being interview by Gareth Spence of Adtran at the recent ECOC 2024 conference and exhibition

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Boosting copper’s reach in the data centre

Marvell has unveiled a chip that enables copper cables to send 1.6 terabits-per-second (Tbps) of data between equipment in the data centre. 

Copper cabling, also referred to as direct attach copper, is the standard interconnect used to connect compute nodes in a server, and between servers when building larger computing systems. 

Venu Balasubramonian

Data centre operators prefer to use passive copper cables. A copper cable costs less than an optical cable, a critical consideration when tens of thousands may be used in a large data centre.

Compute servers using the latest processors and AI accelerator chips have increasing input-output (I/O) requirements. This is causing interface speeds between servers, and between servers and switches, to keep doubling—from 400 gigabits to 800 gigabits and soon 1.6Tbps.

Moreoever, with each speed hike, the copper cable’s reach shrinks. A copper cable sending 25 gigabits of data has a reache of 7m, but it is only 2m at 100Gbps and is only 1m at 200Gbps.

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Is network traffic growth dwindling to a trickle?

“Network capacities are sufficient, and with data usage expected to plateau in the coming years, further capacity expansion is not needed. We have reached the end of history for communications.”  

Willian Webb, The End of Telecoms History

William Webb has pedigree when it comes to foreseeing telecoms trends.  

William Webb

Webb wrote The 5G Myth in 2016, warning that 5G would be a flop.

In the book, he argued that the wireless standard's features would create limited interest and fail to grow revenues for mobile operators. 

The next seven years saw the telcos promoting 5G and its capabilities. Now, they admit their considerable investments in 5G have delivered underwhelming returns.

His latest book, The End of Telecoms History, argues that telecoms has reached a maturity that satisfies the link speeds needed and that traffic growth is slowing. 

"There will be no end of new applications," says Webb. "But they won't result in material growth in data requirements or in data speeds."  

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Will AI spur revenue growth for the telcos?

• A global AI survey sponsored by Ciena highlights industry optimism 
• The telcos have unique networking assets that can serve users of AI.
• Much is still to play out and telcos have a history of missed opportunities.

The leading communications service providers have been on a decade-long journey to transform their networks and grow their revenues.

Jürgen Hatheier.

To the list of technologies the operators have been embracing can now be added artificial intelligence (AI). 

AI is a powerful tool for improving their business efficiency. The technology is also a revenue opportunity and service providers are studying how AI traffic will impact their networks. 

"This is the single biggest question that everyone in this industry is struggling with," says Jürgen Hatheier. "How can the service providers exploit the technology to grow revenues?"

However, some question whether AI will be an telecom opportunity.

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Cloud and AI: Opportunities that must be grabbed

The founder of Cloud Light, Dennis Tong, talks about the company, how its sale to Lumentum came about, and the promise of cloud and AI markets for optics.

For Dennis Tong (pictured), Hong Kong is a unique place that has a perfect blend of the East and West.

Tong, the founder and CEO of optical module specialist Cloud Light, should know. The company is headquartered in Hong Kong and has R&D offices in Hong Kong and Taipei, Taiwan. Cloud Light also has manufacturing sites in Asia: in the Chinese city of Dongguan—two hours by car north of Hong Kong—and in the Philippines.

Now, Cloud Light is part of Lumentum. The U.S. photonics firm bought the optical module maker for $750 million in November 2023.

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Broadcoms taps AI to improve switch chip traffic analysis

Broadcom's Trident 5-X12 networking chip is the company's first to add an artificial intelligence (AI) inferencing engine.

The latest Trident, Tomahawk, and Jericho devices. Source: Broadcom.

Data centre operators can use their network traffic to train the chip's neural network. The Trident 5's inference engine, dubbed the Networking General-purpose Neural-network Traffic-analyzer or NetGNT, is loaded with the resulting trained model to classify traffic and detect security threats.

"It is the first time we have put a neural network focused on traffic analysis into a chip," says Robin Grindley, principal product line manager with Broadcom's Core Switching Group.

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