The APC’s blueprint for silicon photonics

The Advanced Photonics Coalition (APC) wants to smooth the path for silicon photonics to become a high-volume manufacturing technology.

Jeffery Maki

The organisation is talking to companies to tackle issues whose solutions will benefit the photonics technology.

The Advanced Photonics Coalition wants to act as an industry catalyst to prove technologies and reduce the risk associated with their development, says Jeffery Maki, Distinguished Engineer at Juniper Networks and a member of the Advanced Photonics Coalition's board.

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Can a think tank tackle telecoms innovation deficit?

The Telecom Ecosystem Group (TEG) will publish shortly its final paper that concludes two years of industry discussion on ways to spur innovation in telecommunications.

The paper, entitled Addressing the Telecom Innovation Deficit, says telcos have lost much of their influence in shaping the technologies on which they depend.

Source: Telecom Ecosystem Group

“They have become ageing monocultures; disruptive innovators have left the industry and innovation is outsourced,” says the report.

The TEG has held three colloquiums and numerous discussion groups soliciting views from experienced individuals across the industry during the two years.

The latest paper names eight authors but many more contributed to the document and its recommendations.

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The various paths to co-packaged optics

Near package optics has emerged as companies have encountered the complexities of co-packaged optics. It should not be viewed as an alternative to co-packaged optics but rather a pragmatic approach for its implementation.

Co-packaged optics will be one of several hot topics at the upcoming OFC show in March.

Placing optics next to silicon is seen as the only way to meet the future input-output (I/O) requirements of ICs such as Ethernet switches and high-end processors.

Brad Booth

For now, pluggable optics do the job of routing traffic between Ethernet switch chips in the data centre. The pluggable modules sit on the switch platform’s front panel at the edge of the printed circuit board (PCB) hosting the switch chip.

But with switch silicon capacity doubling every two years, engineers are being challenged to get data into and out of the chip while ensuring power consumption does not rise.

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Compute vendors set to drive optical I/O innovation

Part 2: Data centre and high-performance computing trends

Professor Vladimir Stojanovic has an engaging mix of roles.

When he is not a professor of electrical engineering and computer science at the University of California, Berkeley, he is the chief architect at optical interconnect start-up, Ayar Labs.

Professor Vladimir Stojanovic

Until recently Stojanovic spent four days each week at Ayar Labs. But last year, more of his week was spent at Berkeley.

Stojanovic is a co-author of a 2015 Nature paper that detailed a monolithic electronic-photonics technology. The paper described a technological first: how a RISC-V processor communicated with the outside world using optical rather than electronic interfaces. 

It is this technology that led to the founding of Ayar Labs.

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Data centre disaggregation with Gen-Z and CXL

Part 1: CXL and Gen-Z

• The Gen-Z and Compute Express Link (CXL) protocols have been shown working in unison to implement a disaggregated processor and memory system at the recent Supercomputing 21 show.

• The Gen-Z Consortium’s assets are being subsumed within the CXL Consortium. CXL will become the sole industry standard moving forward.

• Microsoft and Meta are two data centre operators backing CXL.

Pity Hiren Patel, tasked with explaining the Gen-Z and CXL networking demonstration operating across several booths at the Supercomputing 21 (SC21) show held in St. Louis, Missouri in November.

Hiren Patel

Not only was Patel wearing a sanitary mask while describing the demo but he had to battle to be heard above cooling fans so loud, you could still be at St. Louis Lambert International Airport.

Gen-Z and CXL are key protocols supporting memory and server disaggregation in the data centre.

The SC21 demo showed Gen-Z and CXL linking compute nodes to remote ‘media boxes’ filled with memory in a distributed multi-node network (see diagram, bottom).

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Telecoms' innovation problem and its wider cost

Imagine how useful 3D video calls would have been this last year.

The technologies needed - a light field display and digital compression techniques to send the resulting data across a network - do exist but practical holographic systems for communication remain years off.

Source: Accelerating Innovation in the Telecommunications Arena

But this is just the sort of application that telcos should be pursuing to benefit their businesses.

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Open Eye MSA gets webscale attention

Microsoft has trialled optical modules that use signalling technology developed by the Open Eye Consortium.

The webscale player says optical modules using the Open Eye’s analogue 4-level pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM-4) technology consume less power than modules with a PAM-4 digital signal processor (DSP).

“Open Eye has shown us at least an ability that we can do better on power,” says Brad Booth, director, next cloud system architecture, Azure hardware systems and infrastructure at Microsoft, during an Open Eye webinar.

Brad BoothOptical module power consumption is a key element of the total power budget of data centres that can have as many as 100,000 servers and 50,000 switches.

“You want to avoid running past your limit because then you have to build another data centre,” says Booth.

But challenges remain before Open Eye becomes a mainstream technology, says Dale Murray, principal analyst at market research firm, LightCounting.

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